Here's an implementation in LaTeX / Tikz:
\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}
% Luminosity axis
\draw (0, 0) -- (0, 11.5);
% Luminosity axis labels
\foreach \y in {0, 1, ..., 11}
{
\newcount\l
\l\y\relax
\advance \l by -5\relax
% Shift the ticks down a little
\draw (0, \y-0.03333) node {---};
% Display 10^0 as 1
\ifnum\l = 0
\draw (-0.6, \y) node {1};
\else
\draw (-0.6, \y) node {$10^{\the\l}$};
\fi
}
% Luminosity arrow
\draw [->] (-1.3, 3) -- +(0, 6);
% Luminosity label
\draw (-1.8, 6) node [rotate=90] {Luminosity [$L_{\odot}$]};
% Temperature axis
\draw (0, 0) -- (12.5, 0);
% Spectral class and temperature labels
\foreach \x/\s/\t in {0/O/47000, 2/B/0, 4/A/10000,
6/F/0, 8/G/6000, 10/K/0, 12/M/3000}
{
% Tick
\draw (\x, 0) node {$|$};
% Draw the spectral class
\draw (\x, -0.4) node {\s};
% Only show the temperature if valid (not 0)
\ifnum\t > 0
\draw (\x, -0.9) node {\t};
\fi
}
% Spectral class and temperature axis arrow
\draw [->] (9, -1.5) -- (3, -1.5);
% Spectral class and temperature label
\draw (6, -2) node {Spectral class and temperature [K]};
% Instability strip
\draw [fill=gray, gray]
(2.5, 1) -- (3, 1) -- (8, 9) -- (6, 9) -- (2.5, 1);
% Instability strip label
\draw [<-, thick]
(4, 3.3) -- +(1, 0) node [right] {Instability Strip};
% Main Sequence strip
\draw [line width=0.7cm, yellow]
(0.5, 11) .. controls (2, 4) and (10, 6) .. (12, 0.5);
% Main sequence label
\draw [<-, thick]
(3.5, 6.5) -- +(0, 2) node [above] {Main Sequence};
% Sun
\draw [fill=red, red] (6.8, 5)
circle [radius=3pt] node [right, black] {\, Sun};
% Supergiants
\draw [fill=red, red]
(7, 10) circle [x radius=2.5cm, y radius=0.75cm];
% Supergiants label
\draw [<-, thick]
(8, 10) -- +(2, 0) node [right] {\, Supergiants};
% Giants
\draw [fill=orange, orange] (8.5, 7)
circle [rotate=10, x radius=2.5cm, y radius=0.75cm];
% Giants label
\draw [<-, thick]
(9.5, 7) -- +(0, -1.5) node [below] {\, Giants};
% White dwarfs
\draw [fill=cyan, cyan] (2.5, 2.5)
circle [rotate=-45, x radius=2.5cm, y radius=0.75cm];
% White dwarfs label
\draw [<-, thick]
(2, 3) -- +(0, 2) node [above] {\, White Dwarfs};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}

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